UK Trademark Application: The Procedure

A UK trademark application is filed at the UK Intellectual Property Office by post, fax or most often, electronically. It includes a representation of the trademark applied for, the name and address of the applicant and a list of the goods and/or services in respect of which registration is sought. After the application has been filed, a filing receipt is issued.

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Next, the UK trademark application is examined. The application is examined on the following grounds: -

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"Relative grounds" - this is for conflict with earlier UK trademark applications or registrations, which are identical or confusingly similar, and cover overlapping or similar goods and/or services; "Absolute grounds" - this includes an assessment of whether the trademark applied for is distinctive, descriptive or customary in the relevant trade. A monopoly right will not be granted in such terms, which should be available for all traders to use to describe or refer to their goods or services.

If any examination objections are raised, the applicant or his representative will be notified and a period of time set for response.

In the case of examination objection on absolute grounds, the applicant or his trademark attorney can make written submissions or conduct an oral hearing with a senior examiner. If any of these objections are maintained, the application will be refused.

With regard to relative grounds examination objection, again, the applicant or his trademark attorney has the opportunity for discussion with the examiner. If the examiner maintains any of these objections, he will send notification of the later application to the owner of the earlier UK trademark applications or registrations located, in order that opposition can be filed, if the trademark owner is concerned. The opposition period lasts for two months. Opposition can be filed on various grounds including: -

lack of distinctive character; descriptiveness; bad faith; that the trademark applied for is identical with an earlier trademark and for identical goods or services as the earlier mark; that the trademark applied for is identical with an earlier trademark and for similar goods or services as the earlier mark; that the trademark applied for is similar to an earlier trademark and for identical or similar goods or services as the earlier mark; that the trademark applied for is identical or similar to an earlier trademark which has a reputation; that the trademark applied for contravenes the law of Passing Off, which protects unregistered trademarks; and/or that the trademark applied for contravenes copyright, design right or registered designs.

The opposition rate against a UK trademark application is quite low, presently about 5% of all applications published.

If no opposition is filed, the application will be registered and a registration certificate issued. A UK trademark registration remains in force for ten years and can be renewed for subsequent ten yearly periods.

UK Trademark Application: The Procedure

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Application Procedure to Study in Australia

Study Undergraduate Courses in Australia

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To study undergraduate courses in Australia you will need an Australia Senior Secondary Certificate of Education (Year 12), or the overseas equivalent like a 10+2 from a recognized board from India. Some undergraduate courses may also have specific pre-requisite subjects.

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Study Post Graduate Courses in Australia

An admission to a master degree course or a post graduate course in Australia requires a bachelor's degree. A Masters Degree takes either one year after a Bachelor Degree with honours or two years after a Bachelor Degree.

Procuring Application Form to Study in Australia

If you want to study in Australia then send inquiries at least 12 months before the proposed date of admission. This means that you have to shortlist the Universities that you want to apply to prior to that.

There are three ways to get application forms to study in Australia:

o You can request the Application Forms via email from the universities website. Most universities have a form on their website which can be completed online to request application material.

o You can also download the form as many universities have a downloadable and ready to print versions of their application forms on the net. These forms can be used for applying just as regular forms.

o There are University representatives in most countries which assists students with the entire application procedure. You can also get the application forms from many authorized representatives of Australian Universities in your country.

Academic Calendar to Study in Australia

Mostly the courses at the University level run from early March to late November. The year is usually divided into two semesters. However, some institutions offer a trimester system. Lot of Universities in Australia run summer schools from December to February.

To study Undergraduate and postgraduate by courses the students enroll for their courses at the beginning of the year. Australian universities do allow enrollment in mid-year (around July) for certain courses.

Students may be able to negotiate an alternative starting date with their study supervisor for course of study towards a Doctoral Degree or other postgraduate research awards.

You can take admission any time of the year for Foundation studies as they have student intakes at several times during the year.

The application procedure to Study in Australia is simplified. You can take up Undergraduate courses or post graduate courses on the basis of your past education background if it fulfills the admission criteria of individual Universities. The academic year in Australian Universities usually start in March and end in November. Most Universities also run summer school from December to February.

Application Procedure to Study in Australia

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